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Hack history / How sure

How sure are these numbers?

Every figure on this site comes from public sources. This page shows how many of them back each number, where they disagree, and what is left out of the totals. Everything here is recomputed from /hacks.json at each release.

The short answerThe four checksFrom reports to incidentsYear by yearWhat was attackedWhere sources disagreeNot countedReview queueTerms for analysts

Of every $100 counted as stolen, $66 is reported by two or more sources that agree on the day and the amount.

IN PLAIN WORDSImagine 100 coins were stolen. For 66 of them, several news desks tell the same story. For 13 of them we also found the robber's footprint on the blockchain itself. Only 13 rest on one voice alone.

How sure, by dollars and by count 3,140 counted thefts, $35.33B

Each square is 1% of the dollars stolen

Each square is 1% of the thefts

All 4 checks$1.63B4 thefts
3 of 4 checks$3.39B319 thefts
2 of 4 checks$19.13B878 thefts
1 of 4 checks$6.81B470 thefts
One source, nothing else$4.38B1,469 thefts

Big thefts are checked more often than small ones, so the dollar squares are greener than the count squares. Counted: hacks, exploits, phishing, scams and rug pulls with a loss in money taken; see not counted for the rest.

The four checks

IN PLAIN WORDSA theft gets a point for each check it passes. More points means we are more sure. Every incident page shows its own points.

Witnessescheck 1

Two or more sources tell us about it.
Reported by two or more of DefiLlama, SlowMist Hacked, Web3 Is Going Great, rekt.news, DeFiHackLabs (exploit reproductions) and the ack3 H1 2026 dataset, merged into one incident.
1,358thefts (43%)
87%of dollars

Same storycheck 2

Those sources say the same thing happened, on the same day, for about the same money.
Dates within 3 days and loss figures within 25% of each other (grade A). Otherwise grade B.
1,146thefts (36%)
66%of dollars

Blockchain receiptcheck 3

We found the attacker's transaction on the blockchain itself.
The attack transaction (from DeFiHackLabs) was looked up on that chain's public nodes; its block date is within 30 days of the incident. Mostly DeFi exploits: an exchange key theft rarely has one public attack transaction to point at.
677thefts (22%)
13%of dollars

Official wordcheck 4

Police or prosecutors have spoken about it.
An FBI or IC3 attribution, an official loss figure, or a US Department of Justice or Treasury (OFAC sanctions) press release linked to the incident.
18thefts (<1%)
10%of dollars

From reports to incidents all kinds

IN PLAIN WORDSLots of news desks write about the same robbery. We put their stories together so each robbery is counted once, then see how many stories hold up.
Reports readevery row from every source, duplicates included5,944
Distinct incidentsreports of the same event merged into one3,358
Two or more sourcescheck 11,372
Sources agreecheck 2: grade A1,158
Attack transaction on chaincheck 3679
Official wordcheck 4: FBI, DOJ or OFAC28

Attack transactions checked: 823, confirmed 811, contradicted 6 (a block date more than 30 days from the incident date sends it to review). A transaction no public node returns counts as unconfirmed, never as false.

Year by year

IN PLAIN WORDSFor each year: how much was stolen, the smallest and biggest total you could get if you always believed the lowest or the highest source, and how much of it is well checked.
YearTheftsTakenRange across sourcesSources agreeOn chainOne sourceChecks passed, by dollars
2026469$9.02B$8.91B to $9.16B93%<1%5%
2025365$3.86B$3.69B to $3.96B68%39%29%
2024551$2.31B$2.24B to $2.36B79%7%14%
2023638$2.46B$2.39B to $2.68B54%15%24%
2022483$4.83B$4.54B to $5.03B52%26%14%
2021264$5.82B$5.06B to $5.94B79%18%7%
2020121$4.57B$4.43B to $4.64B4%2%13%
2019128$323.9M$322.9M to $328.9M83%0%14%
201883$1.21B$1.20B to $1.21B74%<1%26%
201713$297.3M$297.3M to $297.3M42%10%56%
20165$135.7M$135.7M to $963.7M46%0%1%
20156$9.9M$9.9M to $9.9M77%0%23%
20146$486.7M$486.7M to $486.7M97%0%3%
20133$1.4M$1.4M to $1.4M0%0%100%
20124$568K$568K to $568K60%0%40%
20111$8.8M$8.8M to $8.8M0%0%100%

Taken: the figure used for each theft (the median when three or more sources give one). Range: the sum of every theft's lowest and highest dollar figure at the time across sources. Percentages are shares of that year's dollars. Bar colours as in the squares above.

What was attacked target known for 88% of incidents

IN PLAIN WORDSWho lost the money: an exchange, a DeFi app, a bridge between chains, or ordinary people. Exchanges are few but lose the most.
TargetTheftsTakenShareSources agreeOn chainChecks passed, by dollars
Centralized exchange184$16.08B46%86%9%
DeFi protocol or token2,078$8.84B25%62%18%
Other crypto company30$4.10B12%14%<1%
Bridge or cross-chain120$2.93B8%73%46%
People and personal wallets178$1.58B4%24%2%
Not known257$936.1M3%18%0%
Blockchain itself106$517.4M1%85%<1%
NFT and gaming187$350.5M<1%55%13%

From the sources' own target field where they give one, else SlowMist's category pages, Web3 Is Going Great's tags, the kind of incident (phishing and scams take from people) or the source (DeFiHackLabs and rekt.news cover contract exploits). Each incident's page names which. Bridges filed as DeFi protocols are counted as bridges.

Where sources disagree the most by the dollar gap

IN PLAIN WORDSSometimes one news desk says a lot more was stolen than another. Usually one counts tokens the attacker made out of thin air at their market price, and another counts what could really be sold. We show every figure and which one we use.
Bitfinex2016-08-02 · sources differ ×12
DefiLlama $72MSlowMist Hacked $900Mused: $72M, DefiLlama
FTX2022-11-12 · sources differ ×1.3
DefiLlama $450MWeb3 Is Going Great $477MSlowMist Hacked $600Mused: $477M, median of the sources
KuCoin2020-09-26 · sources differ ×1.9
SlowMist Hacked $150MDefiLlama $281Mused: $281M, DefiLlama
BonqDAO2023-02-01 · sources differ ×70
Web3 Is Going Great $1.7MDefiLlama $1.8Mrekt.news $120M (leaderboard)SlowMist Hacked $120Mused: $1.8M, median of the sources
Mirror2022-05-26 · sources differ ×45
DefiLlama $2MWeb3 Is Going Great $88MSlowMist Hacked $90Mused: $88M, median of the sources
Bitget2025-04-20 · sources differ ×5.0
Web3 Is Going Great $20MDefiLlama $100Mused: $100M, DefiLlama
Compounder Finance2020-12-02 · sources differ ×6.4
rekt.news $12M (leaderboard)DefiLlama $12.5MSlowMist Hacked $80Mused: $12.5M, DefiLlama
Compound V22021-09-29 · sources differ ×1.8
SlowMist Hacked $80MDefiLlama $147Mrekt.news $147M (leaderboard)Web3 Is Going Great $147Mused: $147M, median of the sources
Curve DEX2023-07-30 · sources differ ×3.5
SlowMist Hacked $25.1MDefiLlama $61.7Mrekt.news $69.3M (leaderboard)Web3 Is Going Great $88Mused: $51.4M, median of the sources
Acala2022-08-14 · sources differ ×32
rekt.news $1.6M (leaderboard)Web3 Is Going Great $1.6MSlowMist Hacked $52Mused: $52M, SlowMist Hacked
Bitmart2021-12-04 · sources differ ×1.3
SlowMist Hacked $150MDefiLlama $196Mrekt.news $196M (leaderboard)Web3 Is Going Great $200Mused: $196M, median of the sources
Venus Protocol2021-05-18 · sources differ ×1.4
DefiLlama $100MSlowMist Hacked $145Mused: $100M, DefiLlama

Dots on a log scale: each source's own figure (hollow: a coin amount priced at the time here, or the rekt.news leaderboard); the bar is the figure used. With three or more figures the median is used, with two the first source in the order DefiLlama, SlowMist, DeFiHackLabs, Web3 Is Going Great, rekt.news, so no number is invented. Every incident with a gap over 25% is grade B and in the list as such.

Not counted in the stolen total

IN PLAIN WORDSSome numbers we keep but do not add up: a giant number only one person says, tokens that were never really worth what they were printed for, and money lost in ways that are not theft, like a company going bust.
WhatWhyIncidentsListed loss
A huge loss from one source only$500M or more with no second source; waits for one6$8.37B
Face value of created tokensa source says far less could be sold; Nesa, SmartMesh, BeautyChain3$1.19B
A sum of many theftsa headline totals a period or many victims ("$300 million per year", "in six months"), not one incident19$756.1M
No dollar figurea theft no source puts a number on676none
Collapse or insolvencynot a theft: counted apart, filter by kind in the list26$62.40B
Costly mistake or othernot a theft: counted apart, filter by kind in the list35$44.82B
Fraudnot a theft: counted apart, filter by kind in the list102$11.47B
Later news (arrest, ruling)not a theft: counted apart, filter by kind in the list27$873.2M

Review queue 268 incidents

IN PLAIN WORDSWhen something looks odd we do not fix it by guessing. We mark it, keep showing it with the mark, and look again when a new source or check settles it.
Loss figures more than 25% apart128
One source may list it twice115
Huge loss, one source19
Dates more than 3 days apart16
Attack transaction's block date is far from the listed date6
Listed loss may be a face value3
More recovered than the loss1

An incident can carry more than one reason. Filter the list by "In review" to see each one. Nothing is typed in by hand to clear a flag.

How a release is made

IN PLAIN WORDSBefore we show new numbers we do the whole count again from scratch. If the new count does not match the last one almost exactly, nothing changes on the site until we find out why.
Run
Every source is read again, merged and checked; nothing is edited by hand except attribution notes, each tied to an official statement.
Gate
No blocking failure, and at least 99% of incidents must come out the same as the last release. This release: 100.00%.
Kept private
Attack transactions, attacker and contract addresses and exploit code stay in the private database; the public file says only whether a transaction was confirmed.
Updated
2026-11-01 08:49 UTC, daily.

Terms, for analysts and traders

Grade A, B, C
Like a rating for each number. A: two or more sources agree within 3 days and 25%. B: two or more sources, but they disagree. C: one source.Not a rating of the project, only of how well its loss is documented.
Source
An independent public list of incidents, like a wire service. Two lists citing the same blog post still count as two.DefiLlama, SlowMist Hacked, Web3 Is Going Great, rekt.news, DeFiHackLabs, ack3 (Jan to Jun 2026).
Loss
US dollars at the time of the theft, as the sources state it; not today's value of the stolen tokens.Coin amounts with no dollar figure are priced at the day's price and marked.
Range
The lowest and highest dollar figure any source gives, like the spread between analysts' estimates.A wide range is usually face value against money actually taken.
Median
With three or more figures, the middle one: one outlier cannot move it.With two figures, one source's own figure, never an average.
On chain
The attack transaction itself, read from the chain's public nodes: the settlement record, not a report about it.Confirmed when the block date is within 30 days of the incident.
Face value
Tokens an attacker created out of nothing, priced at market. They could never all be sold, so they stay out of totals.Listed and flagged, never deleted.
Counted
In the stolen total: hacks, exploits, phishing, scams and rug pulls, with money taken, one incident each, not resting on one source for $500M or more.Collapses, frauds and mistakes are kept and counted apart.
Cite this pageSwanBluechip, "How sure are these numbers?", Crypto hack history, https://swan-hack-tracker.pages.dev/history/trust/ (data as of 2026-11-01).
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